Conceptualizing a Methodology for Cultural Heritage Futures: Using Futurist Hindsight to Make ‘Known Unknowns’ Knowable

Known knowns, known unknowns, and unknown unknowns: can systems medicine provide a new approach to sepsis?

Methodology and Tools to Support Storytelling in Cultural Heritage Forums

Storytelling is a method by which members of a community communicate, learn and build identity. In the CIPHER project we aim to provide customisable tools for the sharing of stories in communities, and test these tools in specific case studies. Here we describe the generic storytelling environment customised for two quite different communities, a group of adult volunteers interested in a partic...

'Knowable' as 'known after an announcement'

Public announcement logic is an extension of multi-agent epistemic logic with dynamic operators to model the informational consequences of announcements to the entire group of agents. We propose an extension of public announcement logic with a dynamic modal operator that expresses what is true after any announcement: ♦φ expresses that there is a truthful announcement ψ after which φ is true. Th...

Sepsis-related stress response: known knowns, known unknowns, and unknown unknowns

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response in sepsis remains to be elucidated. Apart from corticotropin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol, many other neuroendocrine factors participate in the regulation of HPA stress response. The HPA response to acute and chronic illness exerts a biphasic profile. Tissue corticosteroid resistance may also play an importan...

Known knowns, known unknowns, unknown unknowns and the propagation of scientific enquiry.

In February 2002, Donald Rumsfeld, the then US Secretary of State for Defence, stated at a Defence Department briefing: ‘There are known knowns. There are things we know that we know. There are known unknowns. That is to say, there are things that we now know we don’t know. But there are also unknown unknowns. There are things we do not know we don’t know.’ As a result, he was almost universall...